Sinovite vilonodular pigmentada da articulação temporomandibular: uma revisão integrativa / Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint: an integrative review / Sinovitis villonodular pigmentada de la articulación temporomandibular: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: Avaliar os casos nos quais os pacientes apresentassem SVNP na ATM, incluindo aspectos clínicos, imaginológicos, histopatológicos e tratamento. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com dados obtidos nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Medline e Lillacs entre 1982 e 2021, através dos descritores: "Case report", "Temporomandibular Joint", "Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis". Critérios de inclusão: estudos de relato de caso, textos completos disponíveis, idiomas de publicação em inglês, português ou espanhol. Critérios de exclusão: estudos sem presença de aspectos clínicos, relatos não localizados na ATM, artigos de metanálise, revisão sistemática e de literatura, ensaios clínicos, capítulos de livro, dissertações e teses. Dos 156 resultados, apenas 23 compuseram a revisão. Resultados: Como tratamento, a ressecção total através da cirurgia aberta é recomendada. Os sintomas mais comuns foram: dor na mastigação, trismo, dor pré auricular, dormência, parestesia, perca auditiva e inchaço da glândula parótida. Conclusão: Os aspectos imaginológicos revelam erosão de fossa glenóide e côndilo, histopatologicamente, células gigantes com depósito de hemossiderina, e o tratamento recomendado, ressecção via cirurgia aberta com posterior curetagem... (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the cases in which patients presented PVNS in the TMJ, including clinical, imaging, histopathological and treatment aspects. Methodology: This is an integrative review with data obtained from the SciELO, PubMed, Medline and Lillacs databases between 1982 and 2021, using the descriptors: "Case report", "Temporomandibular Joint", "Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis". Inclusion criteria: case report studies, full texts available, languages of publication in English, Portuguese or Spanish. Exclusion criteria: studies without the presence of clinical aspects, reports not located in the TMJ, meta analysis articles, systematic and literature reviews, clinical trials, book chapters, dissertations and theses. Of the 156 results, only 23 made up the review. Results: As a treatment, total resection through open surgery is recommended. The most common symptoms were: chewing pain, trismus, pre-auricular pain, numbness, paresthesia, hearing loss and parotid gland swelling. Conclusion: The imaging findings reveal erosion of the glenoid fossa and condyle, histopathologically, giant cells with hemosiderin deposits, and the recommended treatment, resection via open surgery with subsequent curettage... (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar los casos en que los pacientes presentaron SVNP en la ATM, incluyendo aspectos clínicos, imagenológicos, histopatológicos y tratamiento. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora con datos obtenidos de las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Medline y Lillacs entre 1982 y 2021, utilizando los descriptores: "Caso clínico", "Articulación temporomandibular", "Sinovitis villonodular pigmentada". Criterios de inclusión: estudios de casos clínicos, textos completos disponibles, idiomas de publicación en inglés, portugués o español. Criterios de exclusión: estudios sin aspectos clínicos, informes no localizados en la ATM, artículos de metanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y de literatura, ensayos clínicos, capítulos de libros, disertaciones y tesis. De los 156 resultados, 23 conformaron la revisión. Resultados: Como tratamiento se recomienda la resección total mediante cirugía abierta. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: dolor masticatorio, trismus, dolor preauricular, entumecimiento, parestesia, hipoacusia e inflamación de glándula parótida. Conclusión: Los hallazgos imagenológicos revelan erosión de fosa glenoidea y cóndilo, histopatológicamente células gigantes con depósitos de hemosiderina y el tratamiento recomendado, resección abierta con posterior curetaje... (AU)

Diagnóstico e tratamento de granuloma periférico de células gigantes em mandíbula - relato de caso / Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral granuloma of giant cell in the jaw - case report

O granuloma periférico de células gigantes (GPCG) é uma lesão hiperplásica benigna causada por trauma local ou trauma crônico. Origina-se do ligamento periodontal ou mucoperiósteo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso de GPCG em mandíbula tratada com sucesso através de excisão cirúrgica, curetagem e ostectomia periférica.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a benign hyperplastic lesion caused by local trauma or chronic trauma. It originates from the periodontal ligament or mucoperiosteum. The objective of this work is to present a case of PGCG in the mandible successfully treated through surgical excision, curettage and peripheral ostectomy.

Aggressive central giant cell granuloma of the mandible: A case report and review of literature

Mandibular aggressive central giant cell granuloma is a rare non-neoplastic giant cell tumour characterised by pain, bone destruction, tooth root resorption, jawbone cortical perforation, and high recurrence rate. This is a case of a 10-year-old boy who presented to the Dental Surgical outpatient clinic of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital with a three-year history of left jaw swelling. The clinical diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia of the left hemi-mandible. Consequently, left hemi-mandibulectomy was performed, and subsequent histopathological diagnosis was aggressive central giant cell granuloma of the mandible. This article presents this rare diagnosis and explores its classification, aetiopathogenesis, clinico-pathological features and management.

Tumores sólidos pseudopapilares en el departamento de patología de la Universidad de Antioquia: serie de casos / Solid pseudopapillary tumors in the pathology department of the Universidad de Antioquia: Series of cases

Resumen Introducción: el tumor sólido pseudopapilar corresponde al 1 %-2 % de todos los tumores sólidos del páncreas, con un curso poco agresivo. Serie de casos: en el departamento de patología de la Universidad de Antioquia se diagnosticaron 16 casos entre enero de 2004 y julio de 2019. Dos de los casos correspondían a pacientes pediátricos, uno de ellos de sexo masculino con posterior metástasis hepática, dos a mujeres mayores de 40 años y el resto a mujeres entre 17 y 26 años. Un caso presenta células de aspecto sarcomatoide, otros dos presentaron células gigantes multinucleadas y hubo un caso con pleomorfismo grave y presencia de mitosis atípicas. Se observó invasión de la cápsula en 6 de los casos, uno de ellos con invasión linfovascular y 3 casos con invasión perineural. Todos los casos mostraron hemorragia o necrosis, y presentaron en el perfil de inmunohistoquímica positividad para β-catenina, CD10, receptores de progesterona y CD56. La sinaptofisina fue positiva focalmente.

Abstract Introduction: Solid-pseudopapillary tumors represent 1 %-2 % of all the pancreatic solid tumors, with low malignant potential. Series of cases: In the department of pathology at the Universidad de Antioquia were diagnosed sixteen cases between January 2004 and July 2019. Two of those cases were pediatric patients, one male with subsequent hepatic metastasis. Two additional cases were represented by two females older than 40 years old and the rest of the cases were females between 17 and 26 years old. One of the cases had sarcomatoid aspect cells, two others revealed multinucleate giant cells, and one last case of severe pleomorphism and presence of atypical mitoses. Capsule invasion was observed in 6 cases: one of the cases with lymphovascular invasion and the other 3 cases with perineural invasion. All cases showed hemorrhage or necrosis, and the immunohistochemical profile was positive for β-catenin, CD10, progesterone receptors, and CD56. Synaptophysin was focally positive.

Ressecção segmentar de granuloma central de células gigantes: relato de caso / Segmentation of central giant cell granuloma: case report

O Granuloma central de células gigantes é próprio dos ossos gnáticos, sendo um tumor benigno não odontogênico. É uma lesão de crescimento normalmente lento, bem circunscrito e assintomático, geralmente diagnosticado através de algum exame de rotina ou, em casos mais avançados, quando se começa a visualizar alguma alteração estético-anatômica. O tratamento de eleição para este tipo de lesão é a simples curetagem ou a ressecção em bloco. No entanto, em pacientes adultos jovens e em crianças, o efeito mutilante que este tipo de tratamento pode acarretar deve ser levado em consideração, utilizando tratamentos não cirúrgicos, como injeção intralesional de corticosteroides, administração de interferon alpha e calcitonina. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de tratamento com ressecção segmentar de granuloma central de células gigantes. Tumores mais agressivos e recorrentes devem ser submetidos à ressecção e mesmo assim deve se levar em consideração o efeito estético que pode causar na face do paciente, principalmente, se forem crianças e adultos jovens... (AU)

The central granuloma of giant cells is specific to gnathic bones, being a benign non-odontogenic tumor. It's a growth injury usually slow, well circumscribed and asymptomatic, usually diagnosed through some routine examination or, in more advanced cases, when it begins to visualize some aesthetic-an atomical alteration. The treatment of choice for this type of injury is a simple curettage or resection in block. However, in young adult patients and children, the mutilating effect that this type of treatment can bring must be taken in to consideration, using non-surgical treatments, such as intralesional injection of corticosteroids, administration of alpha interferon and calcitonin. Therefore, the objective of this work is to report a case of treatment with resection segment of central granuloma of giant cells. More aggressive and recurrent tumors must be submitted to resection and even then taking into account the aesthetic effect it can have on the patient's face, especially if they are children and young adults... (AU)

Manejo cirúrgico de granuloma central de células gigantes em região de seio maxilar: relato de caso / Surgical management of central giant cell granuloma in the maxillary sinus: a case report

Introducão: O granuloma central de células gigantes é uma lesão intraóssea incomum com predileção pela região mandibular e sexo feminino. Classifica-se como agressivo ou não agressivo de acordo com seu comportamento clínico. O tratamento de eleição para este tipo de lesão varia desde modalidades não cirúrgicas até a ressecção óssea. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 21 anos, com lesão osteolítica agressiva em região de parede anterior de seio maxilar direito, tratada com excisão cirúrgica e reconstrução imediata com malha de titânio sem interferências estéticas ou funcionais no pósoperatório. Considerações finais: O granuloma central de células gigantes tem apresentação clínica diversa e o tratamento deve levar em consideração as características da lesão em cada paciente, em lesões agressivas, o manejo cirúrgico é sempre o indicado... (AU)

Introduction: Central giant cell granuloma is an uncommon intraosseous lesion with a predilection for the mandibular anterior region and females. It is classified as aggressive or non-aggressive according to its clinical behavior. The treatment of choice for this type of pathology ranges from non-surgical modalities to bone resection. Case report: Male patient, 21 years old with an aggressive osteolytic lesion in the anterior wall of the right maxillary sinus, treated with surgical excision and immediate reconstruction with titanium mesh without aesthetic or functional disturbances in the postoperative period. Final considerations: The Central giant cell granuloma may have differents clinical presentations and treatment must take into account the characteristics of the lesion in each patient, in aggressive lesions, surgical management is always indicated... (AU)

Tumor de Células Gigantes em porção anterolateral de costela / Giant Cell Tumor in anterolateral rib portion

RESUMO: O Tumor de Células Gigantes é uma neoplasia osteolítica benigna, porém agressiva, ricamente vascularizada e com numerosas células gigantes com atividade osteoclástica. Ocorre mais frequentemente nas epífises de ossos longos e raramente acomete as costelas (cerca de 1% dos casos). A apresentação deste tumor em porção anterolateral de arco costal é extremamente rara em comparação com a região posterior. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma paciente que apresentava uma tumoração dolorosa em parede torácica anterolateral esquerda, de crescimento insidioso. Exames de imagem revelaram uma lesão insuflativa em 10º arco costal esquerdo (4,2 x 3,5 cm), com áreas de calcificação interior. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico, com ressecção ampla do tumor, englobando 9º, 10º e 11º arcos costais e uma porção do diafragma. O diagnóstico definitivo de tumor de células gigantes se deu pela imunohistoquímica da peça cirúrgica. Este relato permite fornecer bases para o estudo das possibilidades terapêuticas desta patologia em localizações atípicas, reforçando que a exérese em bloco com margens amplas destes tumores promove uma menor chance de recidiva local. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Giant Cell Tumor is a benign but aggressive osteolytic neoplasm, richly vascularized and with numerous giant cells with osteoclastic activity. It often occurs in long bone epiphyses and rarely affects the ribs (about 1% of cases). The presentation of this tumor in the anterolateral portion of the costal arch is extremely rare compared to the posterior region. The present report describes the case of a patient who had a painful tumor on the left anterolateral chest wall, of insidious growth. Imaging exams revealed an insufflating lesion in the 10th left costal arch (4.2 x 3.5 cm), with areas of interior calcification. The patient underwent surgical treatment, with wide resection of the tumor, comprising 9th, 10th and 11th ribs and a portion of the diaphragm. The definitive diagnosis of giant cell tumor was made by immunohistochemistry of the surgical specimen. This report provides a basis for studying the therapeutic possibilities of this pathology in atypical locations, reinforcing that the block excision with wide margins of these tumors promotes a lower chance of local recurrence. (AU)

A pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) (NET and undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells) with metastatic neuroendocrine component to the liver

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells (UCOGCs) is an extremely rare morphologically and clinically distinct variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), exhibiting a characteristic component of reactive osteoclast-like giant cells admixed with neoplastic mononuclear cells. Sommers and Meissner first described it in 1954 as an "unusual carcinoma of the pancreas". Later it acquired many different names. In 2010, the WHO classified these tumors as a variant of PDAC under the heading of "undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells". Here we describe the first case of pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) composed of UCOGC and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET), which occurred in a 78-year-old man with biliary colic and pancreatitis. The mass did not respond to the chemotherapy, and he soon developed liver metastasis from the NET component, and unfortunately, the patient passed away 10 months later. Since UCOGC is extremely rare, and its association with NET has not been reported yet, our case expands the knowledge regarding its unusual presentation and poor prognosis.

Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma: an uncommon cutaneous tumor

Abstract Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma is a rare, benign vascular proliferation of unknown etiology. It occurs mainly in middle-aged women and usually affects the acral regions; the lesions appear as discrete, grouped, and asymptomatic violaceous papules. Histopathology shows proliferation and dilated small vessels in the papillary dermis, fibrous stroma with thickened collagen bundles, and multinucleated giant cells. To date, there are approximately 140 cases described in the indexed literature. This report presents the case of a 62-year-old woman with a typical clinical condition, who chose not undergo treatment, considering the benign character of her illness. The clinical and immunohistological aspects of this unusual dermatological entity are emphasized.

Giant cell reparative granuloma of the nasal cavity: a rare site of presentation with review of literature

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) was first described in the 1950s. It is an uncommon and benign reactive tumor that is believed to occur after trauma or inflammation. It most commonly occurs in the maxilla and mandible and rarely affects the nasal cavity. It is often seen in children and during the second to third decades of life, predominantly seen among females. Histopathologically, GCRG shows many osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells scattered in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and spindle-shaped fibroblasts also associated with areas of hemorrhage. The distinction between GCRG and giant cell tumors (GCT)is crucial since both have a similar clinical and histological presentation, but both have different management. GCTs have malignant potential, may metastasize, and have a high rate of recurrence. Surgical excision is the mainstay therapy of GCRG to ensure a low rate of recurrence. Here we discuss two cases GCRG, both presenting as nasal mass.

Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester: Serie de diecinueve casos y un diagnóstico diferencial de relevancia / Erdheim-Chester Disease: Series of nineteen cases and a relevant differential diagnosis

La enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester (EEC) es una histiocitosis de células no Langerhans de presentación proteiforme y escaso conocimiento. Se presenta una serie de 19 casos de 4 centros, registrados de junio de 2012 a junio de 2019. Se incluyeron aquellos pacientes con clínica, anatomía patológica e inmunohistoquímica característica de la enfermedad. Se excluyeron pacientes con hallazgos indefinidos. Resultados: al igual que en la literatura, el compromiso más frecuente fue el óseo por imagenología, la mitad de estos sintomático. Nuestra serie presenta mayor incidencia de mujeres (casi 70%). Siete pacientes presentaron nódulo mamario como forma de presentación. La mayoría recibieron dosis media de esteroides asociado a otra droga inmunosupresora. La mortalidad fue del 16%. Conclusión: comunicamos una serie de pacientes con la EEC mencionando las características más destacables. Es llamativo el número de pacientes con afectación mamaria, por lo cual proponemos téngase en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de la patología tumoral mamaria.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a non-Langerhans histiocytosis, protein manifestations at start and little known. We included 19 patients from June 2012 to June of 2019. Inclusion criteria: clinical features, histopathology and immunostaining compatible with ECD. We excluded patients with undefined features. Results: Bones were the most frequent affected, half of them were asymptomatic. Seventy per cent of the patients were women, and 7 of them developed a nodule breast as first manifestation of ECD. The patients were treated with corticosteroids associated or not with immunosuppressants. The mortality rate was 16%. Conclusion: We reported a series of patients with ECD, enhancing the most frequent features. It is striking the number of patients with breast involvement; we propose to include the Erdheim-Chester disease in differential diagnosis of breast tumor.

Histopathological changes in epithelium of hair follicles and acrosyringium caused by measles in child

Abstract Some epidermal alterations in measles has been described, such as keratinocytes apoptotic, parakeratosis, giant-cell formation, intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions, dyskeratosis, spongiosis, and intracellular edema. The authors report for the first time in human a case of measles with the presence of multinucleated giant cells in the hair follicle and dyskeratosis in acrosyringium.

Giant cell myocarditis causing sudden death in a patient with sarcoidosis

Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and rapidly fatal cardiovascular condition most often seen in young adults. It is characterized microscopically by myocardial necrosis with multinucleated giant cells in the absence of well-defined granulomas. This disorder has typically been attributed to manifest as heart failure, but in some individuals, GCM may present as sudden cardiac death. Herein, we present a fatal case of GCM in a 36-year-old male with a history of autoimmune disorders. The decedent presented to the emergency room due to vomiting and was treated for nausea due to suspected dehydration. He was discharged that night and found dead on his bathroom floor the following day. Postmortem examination revealed psoriasis and granulomatous lesions in the lungs consistent with sarcoidosis, further supporting circumstantial evidence existing between GCM and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, this case provides an opportunity to distinguish GCM from the distinct clinical entity of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), especially in the setting of systemic sarcoidosis. We hope to raise awareness of this rare disease process and its potential to cause sudden cardiac death so that it may be considered in a differential diagnosis as immunosuppression and early cardiac transplantation largely determine the prognosis.

Litiasis renal en paciente con enfermedad de crohn: reporte de caso / Renal lithiasis in patient with crohn's disease: case report

Caso de litiasis renal por oxalato de calcio asociado a enfermedad de Crohn de reciente debut en paciente masculino 43 años proveniente del Canton las Piñas, Provincia El Oro en Ecuador, sin antecedentes patológicos en relación a su enfermedad. En enero 2020 acude a consulta particular con dolor en fosa iliaca derecha, fiebre, fatiga, hiporexia, pérdida de peso, tenesmo y diarrea. Gastroenterólogo observó colon derecho con úlceras, áreas de mucosa infiltrada, y el estudio anatomopatológico identifica ulceraciones en subserosa, abscesos, infiltrado inflamatorio mixto, granulomas epitelioides con células gigantes multinucleadas. Previo consentimiento se realiza ecosonografía, detectándose un cálculo renal derecho de 5 mm de tamaño y otro de 4 mm en el izquierdo. El análisis de orina reporta aciduria, cristales oxalato de calcio y la radiografía simple demostró sombra de los cálculos. El estudio metabólico la 1,25 dihidroxivitamina D y la hormona paratiroidea resultó negativo. La evolución fue favorable y continua en control periódico que de ameritar se ordenaría tomografía helicoidal sin contraste o urograma excretorio.

We present a case of kidney stones due to calcium oxalate stones associated with Crohn's disease of recent debut in a 43-year-old male patient from the Piñas canton-El Oro Province-Ecuador with no personal and family pathological history in relation to his disease and that in January 2020 he went to a private medical consultation for presenting colic-type abdominal pain located in the right iliac fossa, fever, fatigue, hyporexia, weight loss, tenesmus and sometimes diarrhea. The gastroenterologist observed: right colon with ulcers and infiltrated mucosa areas; samples are taken for histopathological study. Anatomopathology It was identified ulcerations in subserosa, abscesses, mixed inflammatory infiltrate, epithelioid granulomas with multinucleated giant cells diagnosed with Crohn's disease. With the patient's consent, an echo-sonographic study was made, detecting a right kidney stone 5 mm in size and 4 mm in the left. Urinalysis showed aciduria, calcium oxalate crystals, and plain abdominal radiography showed shadow of the stones. In the metabolic study the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone was negative. The evolution was favorable and he continuous in periodic control that, if it's required, would be ordered a helical computed tomography without contrast or excretory urogram.

Successful Treatment of a Korean Infant with Giant Cell Hepatitis with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Using Rituximab / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) is a rare disease of infancy characterized by the presence of both Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and progressive liver disease with giant cell transformation of hepatocytes. Here, we report a case involving a seven-month-old male infant who presented with AHA followed by cholestatic hepatitis. The clinical features included jaundice, pallor, and red urine. Physical examination showed generalized icterus and splenomegaly. The laboratory findings suggested warm-type AHA with cholestatic hepatitis. Liver biopsy revealed giant cell transformation of hepatocytes and moderate lobular inflammation. The patient was successfully treated with four doses of rituximab. Early relapse of hemolytic anemia and hepatitis was observed, which prompted the use of an additional salvage dose of rituximab. He is currently in clinical remission.

Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma Coexists with Diffuse Normolipidemic Plane Xanthoma and Multiple Myeloma

Tumor marrom do hiperparatireoidismo: relato de caso / Brown hyperparatireoidism tumor: case report

Introdução: a prevalência de doenças endócrino-metabólicas, como, por exemplo, o hiperparatireoidismo, tem crescido com a melhoria da expectativa de vida da população e pode levar a alterações no sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de um paciente com diagnóstico de tumor marrom associado ao hiperparatireoidismo. Metodologia: a metodologia adotada neste artigo foi o relato de caso, através da revisão de prontuário de um paciente atendido no ambulatório da disciplina de Estomatologia II na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Resultados: Clinicamente, observou-se um aumento de volume da hemiface esquerda e, radiograficamente, pôde-se observar imagem radiopaca envolvendo processo alveolar e seio maxilar esquerdo. Além disso, os exames laboratoriais mostraram elevados níveis do hormônio paratireoidiano. Conclusão: as características clínicas, radiológicas e histológicas das lesões de tumor marrom devem ser analisadas junto à condição sistêmica do indivíduo, a fim de propiciar correto diagnóstico e intervenção precisa.

Introduction: the prevalence of endocrine-metabolic diseases, such as hyperparathyroidism, has increased with the improvement in life expectancy of the population and may lead to changes in the stomatognathic system.Objective: to report a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with brown tumor associated with hyperparathyroidism. Methodology: methodology adopted in this article was the case report, through the review of the medical records of a patient treated at the outpatient clinic of Stomatology II at the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia. Results: clinically, an enlarged left hemiface was observed, and radiographically, a radiopaque image involving the alveolar process and left maxillary sinus could be observed. In addition, laboratory tests showed high levels of parathyroid hormone. Conclusion: clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of brown tumor lesions should be analyzed with the individual's systemic condition, in order to provide correct diagnosis and precise intervention.

Incidence of reactive hyperplastic lesions in the oral cavity: a 10 year retrospective study in Santa Catarina, Brazil / Incidência de lesões hiperplásicas reativas na cavidade bucal: estudo retrospectivo de 10 anos em Santa Catarina, Brasil

Abstract Introduction Reactive hyperplastic lesions develop in response to a chronic injury simulating an exuberant tissue repair response. They represent some of the most common oral lesions including inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, oral pyogenic granuloma, giant cell fibroma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell lesions. Objective The incidence of those lesions was investigated in an oral pathology service, and the clinical characteristics, associated etiological factors, concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnostic was determined. Methods A total of 2400 patient records were screened from 2006 to 2016. Clinical features were recorded from biopsy reports and patients' files. Results A total of 534 cases of reactive hyperplastic lesions were retrieved and retrospectively studied, representing 22.25% of all diagnoses. The most frequent lesion was inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (72.09%), followed by oral pyogenic granuloma (11.79%), giant cell fibroma (7.30%), peripheral ossifying fibroma (5.24%), and peripheral giant cell lesions (3.55%). Females were predominantly affected (74.19%), the gingiva and alveolar ridge were the predominant anatomical site (32.89%), and chronic traumatism was presented as the main etiological factor. The age widely ranges from the 1st decade of life to the 7th. Clinically, the reactive hyperplastic lesions consisted of small lesions (0.5-2 cm) and shared a strong likeness in color to the oral mucosa. The concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnostic was high (82.5%). Conclusion Reactive hyperplastic lesions had a high incidence among oral pathologies. The understanding of their clinical features helps to achieve a clearer clinical and etiological diagnosis, and the knowledge of factors related to their development. This may contribute to adequate treatment and positive prognosis.

Resumo Introdução As lesões hiperplásicas reativas se desenvolvem em resposta a uma lesão crônica que estimula uma resposta acentuada de reparo tecidual. Elas representam uma das lesões orais mais comuns, inclusive hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória, granuloma piogênico oral, fibroma de células gigantes, fibroma periférico ossificante e lesão periférica de células gigantes. Objetivo A incidência dessas lesões foi investigada em um serviço de patologia bucal e as características clínicas, os fatores etiológicos associados e a concordância entre os diagnósticos clínico e histopatológico foram determinados. Método Foram selecionados 2.400 registros de pacientes entre 2006 e 2016. As características clínicas foram registradas a partir de laudos de biópsia e dos prontuários dos pacientes. Resultados Um total de 534 casos de lesões hiperplásicas reativas foram recuperados e retrospectivamente estudados, representando 22,25% de todos os diagnósticos. A lesão mais frequente foi hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (72,09%), seguida por granuloma piogênico oral (11,79%), fibroma de células gigantes, (7,30%), fibroma periférico ossificante (5,24%) e lesão periférica de células gigantes (3,55%). O sexo feminino foi predominante (74,19%), a gengiva e a crista alveolar foram o local anatômico predominante (32,89%) e o traumatismo crônico foi demonstrado como o principal fator etiológico. A idade variou desde a 1ª década de vida até a 7ª. Clinicamente, as LHR consistiram em pequenas lesões (0,5 a 2 cm) que apresentaram uma forte semelhança de cor com a mucosa oral. A concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico foi alta (82,5%). Conclusão As lesões hiperplásicas reativas apresentaram alta incidência entre as patologias bucais. A compreensão das características clínicas ajuda na realização de um diagnóstico clínico e etiológico mais claro, bem como determinar os fatores relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento. Dessa forma contribui para um tratamento adequado e um prognóstico positivo.

Biocompatibility of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) in cervical structures of rats: prospective in vivo study

PURPOSE: We investigated the biocompatibility of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in the cervical deep tissues of rats to assess its biocompatibility. METHODS: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with NBCA. After 30, 90, 180, and 360 days, cubes of tissue (1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm) surrounding the NBCA and normal tissue from the other side of the neck were excised from each rat. The adhesion of NBCA to adjacent structures was examined histologically. Cells were counted per high-power field (HPF), and fibrosis was graded with the measurement of fibrotic thickening. RESULTS: All animals displayed normal behavior without any symptoms of distress throughout the study. There was no recognizable inflammatory reaction, foreign body reaction, or fibrosis in the 30 control samples. The analyses of experimental samples showed significantly decreased inflammatory cell counts over time (lymphoplasma cell count decreased from 100 (range, 70–100) to 30 (range, 30–50) per HPF, P = 0.010; neutrophil count decreased from 2 (range, 2–30) to 0 (range, 0–2) per HPF, P = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the number of multinuclear giant cells throughout the study period (a decrease from 22 [range, 16–34] to 16 [range, 12–22] per HPF, P = 0.287). The level of fibrosis was Common Toxicity Criteria ver. 4.0 Grade 1 without further thickening (P = 0.600). However, maturation of fibrosis progressed gradually. CONCLUSION: NBCA was biologically tolerable in the cervical deep tissues of rats. However, precautions are needed with respect to preventing a sustained foreign body reaction and fibrosis.